The American Folklife Center has a tradition of performing a mummers’ play, a traditional form of folk drama, each holiday season. This year we reach back into the vaults to present our very first mummers’ play from 2009. The characters included Mother Christmas, Doctor Brown, Bold Slasher, and Little Saucy Jack. The lines of the script were adapted by Jennifer Cutting and Stephen Winick from scripts in the James Madison Carpenter Collection. Happy Holidays!
This blog post presents a story about a young boy who is visited on St. Nicholas’s day (December 6) by the saint and his monstrous companion Krampus. Essentially a hairy, horned devil, Krampus was said to accompany St. Nicholas to punish naughty children. When the saint and the demon do something unexpected, the boy's assumptions are challenged! Published in Vienna, Austria, in 1897, the story is presented as a memoir by Ernst von Beisinger. It sheds light on how the Krampus tradition was enacted and deployed within families to encourage good behavior in 19th century Austria. This post presents the text of the story with commentary on its connections to other monsters, and to the Krampus tradition today.
Hear about the tradition of mumming, or traveling your local area performing a brief play during the winter holidays. In this episode of the American Folklife Center’s podcast, Rheagan Martin of the Library of Congress National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled interviews Folklife Specialists Stephen Winick and Jennifer Cutting about the connections of the mumming tradition to the American Folklife Center. Mumming is a folk drama tradition in which groups of performers go house to house singing and performing a play. Jennifer describes the James Madison Carpenter Collection, which contains play scripts, recordings, photos, and drawings related to mumming. Stephen explains how the mumming tradition was brought the Library of Congress. Both talk about the connections of mumming to the solstice and to other wintertime traditions.
These days, it’s hard to make it through December in the U.S. without encountering Krampus. Hairy, scary, hoofed, and horned, the devilish character is wildly popular from coast to coast. Across the country, hundreds of events feature Krampus, including parades, “runs,” Christmas markets, and even mall photo-ops. Books, magazines, movies, and comics highlight his history and his adventures. But American Krampus is entirely a 21st century phenomenon. As recently as 2000, the Library of Congress had not a single book about Krampus in English. So just who is Krampus, and where does he come from? We’ll take a look at the medieval origins and modern development of Krampus in this blog.
