When Loans Become Cheesy

Did you know there is a bank in Italy that accepts wheels of Parmigiano Reggiano as collateral on loans? If, like me, you are now contemplating leaving your current career and getting a job as a bank teller for Credito Emiliano (commonly referred to in the region as Credem), read on.

Most of the time, when we think of collateral, we think of something like the mortgage on a house. If a homeowner is unable to make payments on the house, the bank that holds the mortgage may seize the collateral (the house) and sell it to satisfy the debt (we call this liquidating the assets). So, how does this work with big wheels of cheese?

First, it is important to note that Parmigiano Reggiano is no ordinary cheese. True Parmigiano Reggiano can only be produced in one of five provinces within Italy: Parma, Reggio-Emilia, Modena, Bologna, or Mantova. While the ingredients that go into a wheel of Parmigiano are simple – just cow’s milk, salt, and calf rennet (a natural enzyme from cow intestines that helps form curds) – the strict process, which has remained largely unchanged for eight centuries, takes time. After the cheese has aged for 12 months, the Consorzio del Formaggio Parmigiano Reggiano (the Parmigiano Reggiano Consortium), which is the governing body that regulates standards for Parmigiano Reggiano, inspects each wheel. As an aside: each wheel of Parmigiano is the same size to ensure consistent texture – and each wheel weighs over 80 pounds! If a wheel passes the 12-month test, it receives a literal stamp of approval and the protected designation of origin label (PDO or DOP in Italian). The Parmigiano Reggiano Consortium helpfully provides links to legislation and guidelines surrounding Parmigiano in English on its website, here.

So now, back to Credem, the bank that accepts wheels of Parmigiano Reggiano as collateral on small-business loans it makes to dairy farmers in the Emilia Romagna region. Wheels of Parmigiano can go for anywhere between $900 and $2500. Parmigiano only gets more valuable as it ages. But often, farmers will sell off less mature wheels to have more immediate access to money, even though this turns into a loss of revenue in the long term. In 1953, Credem saw an opportunity to help local farmers maximize their profits by offering loans of up to 70 or 80% on wheels of Parmigiano. That way, the farmers could get the cash they needed up-front and the bank could ensure the wheels of cheese would have time to age and reach their highest value. Credem takes its role seriously, storing the wheels of cheese it accepts as collateral in climate-controlled vaults that are inspected by Parmigiano Reggiano experts for the duration of the loan.

By the way, this is not the only instance of unusual loan collateral. Before Prohibition, banks in the United States accepted whiskey as collateral. In 2013, it was reported that a bank in Hong Kong accepted designer bags as loan collateral. Perhaps my favorite example of strange collateral is a bank in Spain that sought a loan from the European Central Bank and wanted to offer Cristiano Ronaldo and Kaká as collateral.

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