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a map of the US in 1880s with shading to show density of certain kinds of manufacturing in each state
Image 219 from Scribner's statistical atlas of the United States, showing by graphic methods their present condition and their political, social and industrial development. Fletcher W. Hewes and Henry Gannett, [c1883]. Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress.

Made in America: U.S. Manufacturing in Gilded Age Census Maps

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I recently heard a factoid in passing that fascinated me and sparked further investigation: after having been decidedly middle of the pack immediately post-Civil War, the United States’ share of total world manufacturing output became the highest in the world between 1880 and 1900, with a near exponential pace of growth during these decades. Oddly, this was during a time of great financial upheaval, as the Gilded Age Panic of 1873 led to the so-called “Long Depression” of the 1870s-1890s. Because I’m a map librarian and not an economic historian, rather than try to make sense of the monetary and fiscal policy debates over how this could happen, I thought I’d see what I could learn from items in our collection about this interestin