At the Museum is a new interview series highlighting the variety of digital collections in museums and the interesting people working to create and preserve these collections. For this first installment, I interview Marla Misunas, Collections Information Manager for the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Marla gives us some great detail about her role at SFMOMA, and offers a close-up view of the overall workflow process involved in placing their wonderful art collections online. In a future post, Marla will tell us more about some of the specific tools and collections at SFMOMA.
Sue: Tell us about your background, and how you came to SFMOMA.
Marla: I have a BA in art history, and a master’s in museum studies. Since moving to California for graduate school, I’ve volunteered and done paid work in museums and other local institutions, including John F. Kennedy University, my alma mater. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art was the place I always wanted to work. In fact, I applied for the same job in the registration department three years in a row before I was hired. I guess you could say perseverance has always been part of my DNA.
Sue: That perseverance has really paid off! Could you tell us about your various roles at SFMOMA over the years?
Marla: I’ve worked at SFMOMA for over twenty years in both registration and collection information departments; my current title is Collections Information Manager. I manage our collection management system (CMS), which we use to track, document and manage our collections and works loaned to us. Staff members around the museum contribute to documentation about our collections via the system, starting before objects come in for accession, through their “life” cycle at the museum—from acquisition to object movement, loans, exhibitions, conservation and publications. The database is our authoritative source for information used by our digital asset management system, our on-line collection and just about any project where object data appears.
We train and support users in many different departments, not just in data entry or technical aspects like report writing, but also in terms of how things are done at SFMOMA and what our protocols are. We work across departments, achieving sensible solutions to issues that come up with a centralized database used by many staff members who have varying and sometimes contrasting concerns.
We act as quality control for our data. We review data for standards we maintain internally as well as external standards, such as the Library of Congress Name Authorities, the Union List of Artist Names, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names and others more specific to media, like photography, or disciplines, like architecture. We’ve set up our data so it complies with the various industry-wide standards that everyone uses, like Dublin Core and others that allow us to seamlessly contribute to federated databases like Artstor. Naturally quality control is present in “Explore Modern Art,” our online collection as well.
Sue: Tell us a bit about your process for putting collections online at SFMOMA, and about other staff that are involved.
Marla: Before any artwork goes up, it has to go through our quality control process, including additional curatorial review in some cases. We focus on objects that are getting lots of attention at the time, such as things coming in for accessions, and those going out on loan or exhibition. I’m proud to say we have over 11,000 records—about a third of the museum’s collection—online now.
Sometimes an artist whose work we’ve collected will write to us, asking to see that work on the website. We might only have a couple of his or her artworks, representing a very small percentage of our entire collection; but those one or two things give visitors a peek at aspects of a whole life and career. Once the work appears, it’s not only good for us and the artist, but it might inspire visitors to find out more, or explore in a whole new direction. In a way, we’re building a library or directory of artwork that anyone can access. I find that so exciting!
I say “we,” but in reality the CMS team is Documentation Specialist Margaret Kendrick and me. Margaret has been with the museum for over ten years and she is an incredible resource not only for standard practices but she’s also a wonderful institutional memory bank. We work closely together and shared a small office for years. Recently when the museum closed, we moved out and were assigned to different locations so we could support database users wherever they might be. It’s been an adjustment for us not to just blurt out whatever we’re thinking and expect an immediate response!
We work within a terrific department, Collections Information and Access, headed up by Layna White. The three areas of the department are the database, intellectual property and imagery (primarily digital).
So, let’s say we want to put works online by artists in an exhibition we’ll soon be opening across town. That doesn’t sound very complicated, does it? Let’s take a look at the part of the process that Collections Information and Access goes through, realizing we are only one department, and others have significant roles too.
After the checklist has been released by curatorial staff, Margaret and I review object records to make sure the data is consistent with our archive files, the data meets our standards, is consistent with other works by the same artist, and the artists’ information is accurate. Any further research we do is run by curatorial staff, conducting their own review and research as well.
Sue: Now for the real heart of the matter, the images themselves. How are they chosen, and what process do you go through to present them online?
Marla: Our visual resources associate, John Morris, looks for images of sufficient quality for the website. Sriba Kwadjovie, our intellectual property associate, checks for permission to use the images online. If we don’t already have permission, she’ll research the copyright owners and contact them.
If we don’t already have images, Susan Backman, our imaging coordinator, works with Katherine Du Tiel, head photographer, and Don Ross, photographer and imaging specialist, to create new ones. If the work is in storage, where most things are at present, Susan coordinates with art handlers to unpack and install the work in the photo studio before the photographers get to work.
After they perform the image capture, Katherine and Don tweak and process images, getting them ready for presentation to John Morris, who ingests them into the digital asset management system. Once that all has happened, John alerts me, and the signal goes to the database to pick up the image from the image server on the way to Explore Modern Art‘s next update. The whole process, from start to finish, is like choreography—all the players must coordinate with each other, keep the art safe, and get the job done while performing many other duties and working alongside everyone else, who may be on completely different time tables and have completely different priorities.
All of those pieces eventually come together and voila! Artwork mysteriously appears on the website. I know I am just as guilty as the next person when it comes to wishing museums would have all their collections online–if you think about the workload overhead as well as daily workflow, you realize it can take tremendous effort and multiple staff members to get even one image up on a museum website. Think about something enormous, like Anselm Kiefer’s Osiris und Isis, and you’ll see what I mean.
Sue: What about archiving and backup of your collections?
Marla: We back-up all museum systems nightly to tape, and mirror our servers at another museum outside of the region. We also save raw master image files in a sequestered section of the server, and keep corrected master files—the huge high resolution files, corrected, with color bars, in our digital asset management system. We create derivatives on the fly for the particular use we need as we go along.
Sue: What has been the biggest challenge you face getting digital collections online?
Marla: Resources. I suppose everyone says the same thing, don’t they? All of us are working on so many different projects simultaneously that it takes real concerted effort, persistence, and project management to get data and images into Explore Modern Art. We don’t publish hundreds of new records with each update, but our totals climb steadily every year, with verified data and excellent images we’re proud to show on the site.
Marla’s notes on the artists and images above:
Graciela Iturbide—living Mexican photographer who shoots beautiful images in black and white. The iguana woman makes me think of a strong lady making her own way in the world, possibly in an unconventional way (or at least, unconventional to me). She also makes me think of the Statue of Liberty.
Robert Bechtle—local San Francisco Bay Area artist, photo-realist painter, self-portrait in his home in SF, near where I did my master’s degree in Museum Studies. We did a retrospective of his work in 2005 that was just wonderful. This kind of looks like my dad, who was also an artist.
Comments
Nice and informative interview, Marla! It highlights the collaborative mix that is critical in stewarding digital collections: diverse staff expertise and interoperative tools. I’m looking forward to part 2.